:root {
  --text: #111;
  --muted: #666;
  --line: #d8d8d8;
  --link: #1515b8;
  --max: 1000px;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--text);
  background: #fff;
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
img { max-width: 100%; }
a { color: var(--link); text-underline-offset: 0.12em; }
a:hover { color: #000; }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--link); outline-offset: 3px; }

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  color: #fff;
  background: #000;
  transform: translateY(-120%);
}
.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }

.container {
  width: min(var(--max), calc(100% - 2rem));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.site-header { padding-top: 0.55rem; }
.site-nav {
  min-height: 58px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.7rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.site-nav a {
  color: var(--text);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a[aria-current="page"] { text-decoration: underline; }
.menu-button { display: none; }

.profile {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 280px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 3rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 4.2rem 1.25rem 2.2rem;
}
.profile-side { text-align: center; }
.profile-photo {
  width: 260px;
  height: 266px;
  margin: 0 auto 0.9rem;
  border-radius: 5%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 24%;
}
.profile-side p { margin: 0.75rem 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.84rem; line-height: 1.45; }
.profile-side strong { display: block; color: var(--text); }
.profile-links { display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 1rem; margin-top: 1rem; font-size: 0.88rem; }
.profile-main h1 {
  margin: -0.35rem 0 1.1rem;
  font-size: 2rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.profile-main p { margin: 0 0 1rem; }

.section {
  padding: 1.2rem 1.25rem 2.4rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  scroll-margin-top: 1rem;
}
.section h2 {
  margin: 0 0 1.55rem;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.section h2 a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.section h2 a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.section h3 { margin: 1.8rem 0 0.75rem; font-size: 1.05rem; }

.paper-list { margin: 0; padding-left: 2.45rem; }
.paper-list > li { padding-left: 0.1rem; margin-bottom: 1.8rem; }
.paper-label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.1rem 0.48rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #fff;
  background: #496887;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.35;
  vertical-align: 0.1rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.paper-title { margin: 0; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.paper-title a { font-style: italic; }
.coauthors { margin: 0.2rem 0 0.55rem; }
.research-question { margin: 0.55rem 0 0.7rem; }
.paper-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.55rem; margin: 0.45rem 0 0.7rem; }
.paper-actions a {
  padding: 0.12rem 0.52rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 3px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.paper-actions a:hover { border-color: var(--text); }
details { margin: 0.6rem 0; }
summary { width: fit-content; cursor: pointer; color: var(--link); }
details p { max-width: 850px; margin: 0.7rem 0 0; color: var(--muted); }
.paper-meta { margin-top: 0.9rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.78rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.paper-meta p { margin: 0.15rem 0; }

.episode-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.9rem;
  margin: 1.4rem 0 1.1rem;
}
.episode-card {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 230px;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 1.05rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 5px;
  background: #fff;
  transition: transform 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease;
}
.episode-card:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); border-color: #aaa; box-shadow: 0 7px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.06); }
.episode-card h3 { margin: 0.35rem 0 0.55rem; line-height: 1.4; }
.episode-card h3 a { color: var(--text); text-decoration: none; }
.episode-card h3 a:hover { color: var(--link); }
.episode-card p { margin: 0 0 1rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.88rem; }
.episode-kicker { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.72rem; letter-spacing: 0.04em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.listen-link { margin-top: auto; font-size: 0.82rem; text-decoration: none; }
.podcast-platforms { margin-top: 1rem; }

.simple-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 2.5rem;
}
.simple-grid h3 { margin-top: 0; }
.plain-list { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.25rem; }
.plain-list li + li { margin-top: 0.35rem; }

.post-list { display: grid; gap: 1.5rem; }
.post-preview h3 { margin: 0 0 0.25rem; }
.post-preview p { margin: 0.2rem 0; }
.meta { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.85rem; }

.page-heading { padding: 3rem 1.25rem 1.8rem; }
.page-heading h1 { margin: 0 0 0.8rem; font-size: 2rem; }
.page-lede { max-width: 680px; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.prose { max-width: 760px; padding: 0 1.25rem 3rem; }
.prose h2 { margin-top: 2.4rem; font-size: 1.45rem; }
.prose h3 { margin-top: 1.8rem; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.prose li + li { margin-top: 0.45rem; }

.cv-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.pdf-frame { width: 100%; height: 78vh; min-height: 600px; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.cv-page { margin: 0; overflow: hidden; }
.cv-direct {
  position: relative;
  width: 100vw;
  height: 100vh;
  background: #e7e7e7;
}
.cv-direct .pdf-frame { width: 100%; height: 100%; min-height: 100vh; border: 0; }
.cv-download {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0.75rem;
  right: 1.25rem;
  z-index: 2;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.7rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

/* Long-form posts retain their original dated URLs. */
.nav-wrap {
  width: min(var(--max), calc(100% - 2rem));
  min-height: 58px;
  margin-inline: auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.nav-wrap .brand { display: none; }
.nav-wrap .site-nav { border: 0; }
.nav-toggle { display: none; }
.page-intro { width: min(760px, calc(100% - 2rem)); margin-inline: auto; padding: 3rem 0 1.5rem; }
.page-intro .eyebrow { margin: 0 0 0.5rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.85rem; }
.page-intro h1 { margin: 0 0 0.8rem; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1.25; }
.page-intro .lede { margin: 0 0 0.8rem; }
.content-grid { width: min(760px, calc(100% - 2rem)); margin-inline: auto; }
.content-grid.section { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 1rem; }
.content-grid .prose { padding-inline: 0; }
.sidebar-card { display: none; }
.footer-wrap { width: min(var(--max), calc(100% - 2rem)); margin-inline: auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1.5rem; }
.button-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem; }
.button { color: var(--link); }

.section-heading-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
}
.section-heading-row h2 { margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }
.section-intro { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.document-link {
  flex: none;
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
  padding: 0.42rem 0.7rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 3px;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.document-link:hover { border-color: var(--text); }
.teaching-block {
  padding: 1.35rem 0 0.2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.teaching-block h3 { margin: 0; font-size: 1.08rem; }
.institution-meta { margin: 0.15rem 0 1rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.85rem; }
.course-groups {
  display: block;
}
.course-groups h4 { margin: 0 0 0.55rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 600; }
.course-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.course-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(120px, 0.65fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.56rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #ececec;
  line-height: 1.42;
}
.course-list li > span:last-child { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.86rem; }
.graduate-courses li {
  padding-left: 0.72rem;
  border-left: 3px solid #9bb8c9;
}
.level-label {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.35rem;
  padding: 0.06rem 0.34rem;
  border: 1px solid #b9cbd6;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #294e64;
  background: #f3f7f9;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  vertical-align: 0.08rem;
}
.compact-block { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.bocconi-courses { max-width: 710px; }
.bocconi-courses li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.mentoring-panel { max-width: 820px; }
.mentoring-panel h3 { margin-top: 0; }
.mentoring-panel p { margin: 0 0 0.85rem; }

.site-footer {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem 2.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}
.footer-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem; }

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .site-nav { gap: 0.9rem; overflow-x: auto; padding-bottom: 0.1rem; font-size: 0.9rem; white-space: nowrap; }
  .profile { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.2rem; padding-top: 2.8rem; }
  .profile-side { max-width: 330px; margin-inline: auto; }
  .profile-main h1 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
  .simple-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.4rem; }
  .section-heading-row { display: block; }
  .document-link { display: inline-block; margin-top: 1rem; }
  .course-groups { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .episode-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .episode-card { min-height: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  body { font-size: 15px; }
  .container { width: min(100% - 1rem, var(--max)); }
  .site-nav { min-height: 52px; }
  .profile, .section, .page-heading, .prose, .site-footer { padding-left: 0.75rem; padding-right: 0.75rem; }
  .profile-photo { width: min(260px, 100%); }
  .course-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.2rem; }
  .paper-list { padding-left: 1.5rem; }
  .site-footer { flex-direction: column; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
}